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Use of insect flour for food and feed purposes
Árendásová, Veronika ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
Insect meal has excellent potential as food or feed. There is a need to provide enough food for the growing population, which is linked to the increasing demand for livestock production. Meat and fish have always been the staple of the human diet as a rich source of proteins and fats for human nutrition. Fish is a good source of animal protein and fat for humans, which forms the basis of the diet of a large number of people who generally live in coastal areas. The increasing demand for fish is associated with a growing interest in high-quality and affordable fish feed. Nowadays, the main ingredient in fish feed is fishmeal, and the price is constantly increasing. The sustainability of the aquaculture industry depends on finding a substitute for fishmeal with the same nutritional value and availability. Recently, there has been a growing interest in animal protein from insects for fish fattening. This thesis focused on analysing insect meal from mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) and its use for food and feed purposes. The theoretical part describes the mealworm, the use of insect meal for human nutrition, and fish fattening. It also describes the requirements of fish for individual nutrients and the characterisation of insects for feeding purposes, focusing on the mealworm used as an alternative feed ingredient in fish. The individual major nutrients, namely protein, lipids, fatty acids, amino acids, fibre, chitin, and selected minerals, were determined in the experimental part. The experimental part was divided into two parts, and the first part was divided into two phases. The first phase was used to determine the nutritional components in two fractions of insect meal from Tenebrio molitor larvae. The first fraction contained the fine fraction, and the second fraction the coarse fraction of insect meal. In the second phase, the content of nutritionally significant components was only determined in the insect meal from dried larvae without fractionation. A fish feed was designed from the analyses results. In the second part, the effect of the addition of insect meal from Tenebrio molitor for food purposes was investigated; specifically, the sensory properties of muffins were monitored. From the results, it can be observed that the nutritional composition of the insect meal suggests the possibility of using the mealworm larvae as an ingredient in the fish diet. The insect meal contains a high proportion of valuable proteins and lipids necessary for fish farming and a low proportion of carbohydrates, which unlike humans, fish do not need in their diet. The sensory analysis results indicate that consumers are not prepared to eat foods with added insects.
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Innovation of device for mealworms breeding
Dvorský, Adam ; Búran, Martin (referee) ; Adámek, Martin (advisor)
The task of the work was to get familiar to the reader with the possibilities and conditions of edible insect breeding in the Czech Republic, focusing on a selected species of darkling beetle (Tenebrio molitor). Design optimization of breeding conditions for different stages of breeding, with the possibility of accelerating breeding. Another part of the work was to get acquainted with the properties of the microcontroller series Espressif ESP32 and its use in the areas of simple product management. From these identified conditions, a breeding station was designed and gradually implemented in the second half of the work, which was controlled by this microcontroller company Espressif ESP32. The work describes the proposed components for measuring and regulating breeding conditions with a focus on temperature, humidity, food and fluid dosing. The penultimate chapter mentions experimental measurements of regulated conditions with evaluation of measured data. The conclusion is the evaluation of the solution and its other possibilities.
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Device for measurement and regulation of edible insect breeding conditions
Dvorský, Adam ; Búran, Martin (referee) ; Adámek, Martin (advisor)
This work focuses on the design and realization of a measuring and regulatory system for successful breeding of edible insects with a focus on the mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). For the correct setting of the system, the first part of the work is detected and described the general conditions of insect breeding. The description is mainly focused on the mealworm, its development and basic breeding conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.). This information is further used for the development of breeding equipment, the basic concept of which is further established at work. The device is controlled by espressif's ESP32 microcontroller. The work acquaints with its programming and the connection and programming of basic components for the proposed system. Experimental measurements verify the functionality of measurements and regulation in the breeding box. The regulation is accurate to tenths to hundredths of ° C.Last but not least, the design is compared with existing devices.
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Škůdci krmných substrátů - druhové složení, význam a možnosti likvidace
Hustá, Valérie
This bachelor thesis examines pests of feed stuff. The literary research describes the most important pests, the extent of their influence in agriculture, food industry and methods of pest control with an emphasis on further use of the substrate. This work focuses on non-chemical methods which do not have a negative impact on the safety of feed stuff, food and the environment. The next part describes the effect of low temperatures as physical method of disruption on the life manifestations of insects and mites. To test this, one of the most common pests, Tenebrio molitor, were exposed to different low temperatures (0 °C, 3 °C, and 6 °C) for durations of 5 min, 10 min and 20 min. The feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were measured. The results show decreasing temperature and increasing expose interval increased the feed intake. This experiment indicates that low temperature do not eliminate pests or mitigate damages but can stimulate pests to take more feed stuff resulting in more damage and losses.
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Stanovení profilu mastných kyselin v hmyzích surovinách modifikovaných výživovými přídavky jedlých olejů a vitamínu D k základnímu krmivu hmyzu
Tomanová, Adéla
The thesis deals with the profile of fatty acids in the body of the larval stage of the Tenebrio molitor, and how the content of fatty acids in the body of this insect could be affected by the type of food which they consume. The theoretical part is devoted to legislation dealing with the issue of edible insects in the Czech Republic and the EU, a general anatomical description of the insect body, characteristics of representatives of approved edible insects including their nutritional aspects, advantages and disadvantages of insect consumption, industrial processing of insects and food neophobias. There are also included the general characteristics and distribution of fatty acids. The practical part is dedicated to the methodology of fattening own samples of larvae of Tenebrio molitor fed with basic feed enriched with vegetable oils and vitamin D, as well as the processes for determining the fatty acid profile in their bodies and evaluating the obtained results and discussion.
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Hodnocení mikrobiologických rizik jedlého hmyzu
Hedvičáková, Adéla
Eating edible insects is an activity that has recently become increasingly important. In order to use edible insects safely, it is necessary to carry out, among other things, an assessment of the risks associated with consumption. This work focused on the microbiological risk assessment of edible insects. The theoretical part of the thesis provides information on the nutritional properties of edible insects and the risks associated with insect consumption. It also mentions legislation related to the inclusion of insects in food. The thesis describes the impact of insects and their consumption on the environment and presents factors that need to be further addressed in the future. The thesis provides a list of important pathogenic microorganisms. In the practical part it is possible to find a statistical evaluation of the measured values of the pathogens present in the insects and in the feed. Total counts of microorganisms, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, moulds, Staphylococcus aureus and lactic acid bacteria were determined. The results were compared with those of studies on similar topics.
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Retence živin u drůbeže při zkrmování diet s podílem moučky z larev potemníka moučného
Kudlová, Lenka
The aim of this diploma thesis is, if the inclusion of 20 and 50 g/kg mealworm meal (TML) in diets for poultry has an effect on nutrient retention, gastrointestinal morphometry and digesta viscosity. Furthermore, a digesta microbiology of laying hens and biochemical blood parameters of broilers were monitored. The collected samples were subjected to laboratory analysis to determine the nutrient retention, gastrointestinal morphometry, digesta viscosity, digesta microbiology and biochemical analysis of blood. The nitrogen retention was not affected by mealworm meal in broilers (p > 0.05). The nitrogen retention was the highest in the control group in laying hens (p < 0.05). A lower width and height and the highest muscle height of the gizzard, but a longer colon, (p < 0.05) were found in control group of laying hens compared to the experimental groups. No differences (p > 0.05) were found in the villi height of the ileum. The digesta viscosity in broilers was not affected by (p > 0.05) experimental diets. The highest value of digesta viscosity in laying hens was found in the group with inclusion 50 g/kg TML (p < 0.05). No differences (p > 0.05) were found in the microbiology of the digesta between the compared groups of laying hens. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in biochemical blood parameters were found in the concentrations of ALT, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, glucose and α-1 globulin between control and experimental groups of broilers.
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Evaluation of environmental impacts of insect production for food purposes in conditions of the Czech republic by the LCA method
MUCHKA, Lukáš
The thesis deals with the evaluation of environmental impacts of insect farming for food purposes in the Czech Republic. The topic is focused on the impact category of climate change, with emphasis on Global Warming Potential (GWP for short). Environmental impacts are assessed using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. This method is based on evaluating the impact that a product has on the environment over its lifetime. This has enabled the method to assess different potential types of impacts. LCA analysis is based on the principle of "cradle to gate". The approach is based from the sourcing of raw materials to the final output gate, represented in the form of a product. One kilogram of insect product is chosen as the pro-product. For the LCA analysis, a model farm of the mealybug (Tenebrio molitor) was established. Data for this work were collected from edible insect farmers in the Czech Republic who were sent a survey. Some data were obtained from the literature. In relation to the obtained data, a calculation of the environmental burden was made. In the thesis it was found that one kilogram of insect product generates a carbon footprint of 11.87 kg CO2-eqv.
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Zařazení moučky z hmyzu do krmné dávky brojlerů
Bartošová, Veronika
The aim of this work was to study the effect of different inclusion of deffated larvae mealworm meal on the growth performance, carcass traits and health of broiler chickens. The experiment focuses on the evaluation of body gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and blood biochemical parameters. In the work is mentioned legislation of insect meal feeding and also describes the process of production of insect meal and its nutritional value. There are listed research works in the thesis, and they solve the effect of insects meal on the function of chicken metabolism and total breeding. The experiment was performed on broiler chickens (ROSS 308), which were homoge-nously divided into three groups with different inclusion of deffated larvae mealworm meal. In the first phase of fattening, 0 % of defatted mealworm meal was included in the starter diet in the control group, 13 % in the experimental group TML13/2 and 26 % in the experimental group TML26/5. In the second phase of fattening, a 13% inclusion was replaced by a 2 % of mealworm meal in the TML13/2 and a 26% inclusion was replaced by a 5 % of mealworm meal in the TML26/5. Based on this work, it can be concluded, that the most suitable inclusion of defatted larvae mealworm meal is 13 % in the starter feed mixture for broiler chickens. Higher body weight was at 13% mealworm meal inclusion level during the starter phase. Me-alworm meal is a growth catalyst. Quality of carcass traits and hematological characteris-tics of broiler chicken fed on the 13 % mealworm meal diet did not differ or showed small change within the physiological range. A 26% mealworm meal diet significantly reduced (P<0,05) feed intake and average daily gain in the first phase of breeding. Feed conversion ratio was the worse than group with 13% mealworm meal diet. This inclusion of high proportion (26 %) of defatted mealworm meal is inappropriate in the starter pha-se. The iclusion of 2% and 5% deffated larvae mealworm meal did not have a signifi-cant effect on the growth performance and health of the broilers in the second phase of breeding.
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Využití hmyzí moučky z potemníka moučného (Tenebrio molitor) v krmivech pro okouna říčního (Perca fluviatilis L.).
VOLSKÝ, Jan
Teoreical part of this study focused on biology, importance and breeding of perch and types of insect, that EU approved for using in feed of animal, that are intended for human consuption. At the end of theretical part was described using of insect in fish feed. Practical part of our experiment consist of two tests. The rearing part of the experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of the graded amount of insect meal from Tenebrio molitor on biometrical parameters and biochemical indicators of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.). The swimming performance test aimed to assess the effect of experimental diets on the physiology of fish. The subject of the diploma thesis was also to compare the influence of diets on environmental impacts. For this purpose, 4 experimental diets were compiled. The diets differed from each other by substituting fish meal by insect meal. In the control group (TM0) 100 % of animal protein consist of fish meal. In other diets were fish meal replaced by 25 % (TM25), 50 % (TM50) and 75 % (TM75) meal of T. molitor. Each tested group had 4 replicates. The rearing part of the experiment lasted 119 days. At the end of the feeding trial, 80 fish (20 from each group) were selected for swimming performance tests.
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